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1. Performance Evaluation Of A Prototype Variable Rate Sprayer For Spot- Application Of Agrochemicals In Wild Blueberry FieldsWild blueberry yields are highly dependent on agrochemicals for adequate weed control. The excessive use of agrochemicals with uniform application in significant bare spots and plant areas has resulted in increased cost of production. A cost-effective automated prototype variable rate (VR) sprayer was developed for spot-application (SA) of agrochemicals in a specific section of the sprayer boom where the weeds have been detected. The weed patches were mapped with an RTK-GPS... Q. Zaman, A.W. Schumann, D.C. Percival, T.J. Esau, S.M. Read |
2. Minimizing On-farm Point Source Contamination Of Pesticides Using The “Biobed” MethodMicroorganisms play a vital role in maintaining the environmental quality through their metabolic activities. The highly versatile metabolic capabilities of fungi and bacteria can be used to reclaim polluted ecosystems. A variety of biological, chemical, and physical methods have been used for degradation and detoxification of pesticides. However, conventional clean- up methods are costly and not always effective. Agrochemical storage and handling practices have been targeted... F. Eivazi |
3. The Cost Of Dependence Upon GPS-enabled Navigation TechnologiesThe adoption of global positioning system (GPS) technology to fine-tune agricultural field operations over the last decade has been unprecedented relative to other agricultural technologies. Resultantly, as agricultural machinery size and capacity increased, field operations have become much more precise due to the synergistic relationship between farm machinery and GPS-enabled guidance technology. With increased dependence upon GPS technology, one must ask “What are the risks associated... C. Lee, T. Griffin |
4. Sensing The Inter-row For Real-time Weed Spot Spraying In Conventionally Tilled Corn FieldsThe spatial distribution of weeds is aggregated most of the time in crop fields. Site-specific management of weeds could result in economical and environmental benefits due to herbicide... L. Longchamps, B. Panneton, M. Simard, R. Theriault, T. Roger |
5. Partial Weed Scouting For Exhaustive Real-time Spot Spraying Of Herbicides In CornReal-time spot spraying of weeds implies the use of plant detectors ahead of a sprayer. The range of weed spatial autocorrelation perpendicularly to crop rows is often greater than the space between the corn rows. To assess the possibility of using less than one plant detector scouting each inter-row, a one hectare field was entirely sampled with ground pictures at the appropriate timing for weed spraying. Different ways of disposing the detectors ahead of the sprayer were virtually tested. Scouting... L. Longchamps, B. Panneton, G.D. Leroux, M. Simard, R. Theriault |
6. Estimating Soil Moisture And Organic Matter Content Variabality Using Electromagnatic Induction MetodAbstract: Electromagnetic induction (EMI) methods are gaining popularity due to their non-destructive nature, rapid response and ease of integration into mobile platforms for assessment of the soil moisture content, water table depth, and salinity etc. The objective of this study was to estimate and map soil moisture content and organic matter content using DualEM.... A. Farooque, Q. Zaman, A.W. Schumann, D.C. Percival, T.J. Esau, T. Stauffer |
7. Can Active Sensor Based NDVI Consistently Classify Wheat Genotypes?ABSTRACT ... M.A. Naser, R. khosla, S. Haley, R. Reich, L. Longchamps, M. Moragues, G.W. buchleiter, G.S. Mcmaster |
8. Early Detection of Corn N-Deficiency by Active Fluorescence Sensing in MaizeGlobally, the agricultural nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is no more than 40 %. This low efficiency comes with an agronomic, economic and environmental cost. By better management of spatial and temporal variability of crop nitrogen need, NUE can be improved. Currently available crop canopy sensors based on reflectance are capable... R. Khosla, D.G. Westfall, L. Longchamps |
9. Comparing Sensing Platforms for Crop Remote SensingRemote sensing offers the possibility to obtain a rapid and non-destructive diagnosis of crop health status. This gives the opportunity to apply variable rates of fertilizers to meet the actual crop needs at every locations of the field. However, the commonly used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)... R. Khosla, L. Longchamps |
10. Development of a Quick Diagnosis Method to Target Fields with Better Potential for Site-Specific Weed ManagementSite-specific weed management appears as an innovative way of saving herbicides in crop while maintaining yield. This can potentially lead economic and ecological benefits. However, it was reported in the literature that savings range from 1 % to 94 % from one field to the other. This implies that certain fields... B. Panneton, M. Simard, G.D. Leroux, L. Longchamps |
11. Testing The Author Sequence - FinalizeThis is just a test to verify the bug with the authors sequence. ... L. Longchamps, B. Panneton, D.G. Westfall, R. Khosla |
12. Spot- Application of Pre-Emergence Herbicide Using a Variable Rate Sprayer in Wild BlueberryWild blueberry producers apply herbicides uniformly to control grasses and weeds without considering the significant weed density variability and bare spots within fields. The repeated and excessive use of herbicides... Q. Zaman, Y. Chang, A. Farooque, A. Schumann, D. Percival, M. Cheema, T. Esau |
13. Development of Sensing System Using Digital Photography Technique for Spot-Application of Herbicide in Wild Blueberry FieldsAn automated sensing system, hardware and software, was developed for spot-application of herbicide with 6.1 m boom automated prototype sprayer.... Q. Zaman, T.J. Esau, A.A. Farooque, A.W. Schumann, D.C. Percival, Y.K. Chang |
14. Sensor Fusion on a Wild Blueberry Harvester for Fruit Yield, Plant Height and Topographic Features Mapping to Improve Crop ProductivitySite-specific crop management can improve profitability and environmental risks of wild blueberry crop having large spatial variation in soil/plant characteristics, topographic features which may affect fruit yield. An integrated automated sensor fusion system including an ultrasonic sensor, a digital color camera, a slope sensor,... A.A. Farooque, Q.U. Zaman, D. Groulx, A.W. Schumann, T.J. Esau, Y.K. Chang |
15. NDVI 'Depression' In Pastures Following GrazingPasture biomass estimation from normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using ground, air or space borne sensors is becoming more widely used in precision agriculture. Proximal active optical sensors (AOS) have the potential to eliminate the confounding effects of path radiance and target illumination conditions typically encountered using passive sensors. Any algorithm that infers the green fraction of pasture from NDVI must factor in plant morphology and live/dead plant ratio, irrespective... J.S. Stanley, D.W. Lamb, M.G. Trotter, M.M. Rahman |
16. Production And Conservation Results From A Decade-Long Field-Scale Precision Agriculture SystemResearch is needed that simultaneously evaluates production and conservation outcomes of precision agriculture practices. From over a decade (1993-2003) of yield and soil mapping and water quality assessment, a multi-faceted, “precision agriculture system” (PAS) was developed and initiated in 2004 on a 36-ha field in Central Missouri. The PAS assessment was accomplished by comparing it to the previous decade of conventional corn-soybean... C. Baffaut, K. Sudduth, J. Sadler, R. Kremer, R. Lerch, N. Kitchen, K. Veum |
17. Spectral Vegetation Indices to Quantify In-field Soil Moisture VariabilityAgriculture is the largest consumer of water globally. As pressure on available water resources increases, the need to exploit technology in order to produce more food with less water becomes crucial. The technological hardware requisite for precise water delivery methods such as variable rate irrigation is commercially available. Despite that, techniques to formulate a timely, accurate prescription for those systems are inadequate. Spectral vegetation indices, especially Normalized Difference... J. Siegfried, R. Khosla, L. Longchamps |
18. A Precise Fruit Inspection System for Huanglongbing and Other Common Citrus Defects Using GPU and Deep Learning TechnologiesWorld climate change and extreme weather conditions can generate uncertainties in crop production by increasing plant diseases and having significant impacts on crop yield loss. To enable precision agriculture technology in Florida’s citrus industry, a machine vision system was developed to identify common citrus production problems such as Huanglongbing (HLB), rust mite and wind scar. Objectives of this article were 1) to develop a simultaneous image acquisition system using multiple cameras... D. Choi, W. Lee, J.K. Schueller, R. Ehsani, F.M. Roka, M.A. Ritenour |
19. Detecting Nitrogen Variability at Early Growth Stages of Wheat by Active Fluorescence and NDVILow efficiency in the use of nitrogen fertilizer, has been reported around the world which often times result in high production costs and environmental damage. Today, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) cameras are being used to obtain conditions of crops, and can cover large areas in a short time. The objectives of this study were (i) to investigate N-variability in wheat at early growth stages using induced fluorescence indices, NDVI measured by active sensor and NDVI obtained by digital imagery;... E. Patto pacheco, J. Liu, L. Longchamps, R. Khosla |
20. Climate Smart Precision Nitrogen ManagementClimate Smart Agriculture (CSA) aims at improving farm productivity and profitability in a sustainable way while building resilience to climate change and mitigating the impacts of agriculture on greenhouse gas emissions. The idea behind this concept is that informed management decision can help achieve these goals. In that matter, Precision Agriculture goes hand-in-hand with CSA. The Colorado State University Laboratory of Precision Agriculture (CSU-PA) is conducting research on CSA practices... L. Longchamps, R. Khosla, R. Reich |
21. The Animal Welfare of Dairy Cows Housed in Free-Stall Barn According to the Welfare Quality® Protocol: Good Feeding and Good Housing PrinciplesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the animal welfare of dairy cows according to good feeding and good housing principles of the Welfare Quality® protocol. The protocol was applied to animals kept confined in a free-stall barn during their lactation. The farm was located in São João Batista do Glória, Minas Gerais state - Brazil. One hundred and one animals were evaluated (47 primiparous and 54 multiparous). The welfare measures were collected mostly through... G.M. Dallago, M. Guimarães, R. Godinho, R. Carvalho, A. Lobo júnior |
22. The Correlation Between Criteria from Welfare Quality® Protocol Applied to Dairy Cows Housed in Free-Stall BarnThe objective of this study was to evaluate correlations between animal welfare criteria from the Welfare Quality® protocol applied to dairy cows. The protocol was applied on 47 primiparous and 54 multiparous dairy cows housed in a free-stall barn located in São João Batista do Glória, Minas Gerais - Brazil. Twelve welfare criteria were obtained from mostly animal-based welfare measures as proposed by the protocol. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated between... G.M. Dallago, M. Guimarães, R. Godinho, R. Carvalho, A. Lobo júnior |
23. Estimates of Plant Number of Maize Crop at Seedling from High-Throughput UAV ImageryThe acquisition of such agricultural information as crop growth and output is of great significance for the development of modern agriculture. Using the image analysis is important to gain information on plant properties, health and phenotype. This study uses the unmanned aerial vehicle images about Maize breeding material collected in Beijing Xiao Tang mountain town in June 2017. The four color space transformation of RGB, HSV, YCbCr and L*A*B was used to divide the UAV image foreground (crop)... S. Liu, G. Yang |
24. Flourish - A Robotic Approach for Automation in Crop ManagementThe Flourish project aims to bridge the gap between current and desired capabilities of agricultural robots by developing an adaptable robotic solution for precision farming. Combining the aerial survey capabilities of a small autonomous multi-copter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with a multi-purpose agricultural Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV), the system will be able to survey a field from the air, perform targeted intervention on the ground, and provide detailed information for decision support,... A. Walter, R. Khanna, P. Lottes, C. Stachniss, R. Siegwart, J. Nieto, F. Liebisch |
25. Pest Detection on UAV Imagery Using a Deep Convolutional Neural NetworkPresently, precision agriculture uses remote sensing for the mapping of crop biophysical parameters with vegetation indices in order to detect problematic areas, and then send a human specialist for a targeted field investigation. The same principle is applied for the use of UAVs in precision agriculture, but with finer spatial resolutions. Vegetation mapping with UAVs requires the mosaicking of several images, which results in significant geometric and radiometric problems. Furthermore, even... Y. Bouroubi, P. Bugnet, T. Nguyen-xuan, C. Bélec, L. Longchamps, P. Vigneault, C. Gosselin |
26. Precision Nitrogen and Water Management for Enhancing Efficiency and Productivity in Irrigated MaizeNitrogen and water continue to be the most limiting factors for profitable maize production in the western Great Plains. The objective of this research was to determine the most productive and efficient nitrogen and water management strategies for irrigated maize. This study was conducted in 2016 at Colorado State University’s Agricultural Research Development and Educational Center, in Fort Collins, Colorado. The experiment included a completely randomized block design with five... E. Phillippi, R. Khosla, L. Longchamps, P. Turk |
27. Unmanned Aerial Systems and Remote Sensing for Cranberry ProductionWisconsin is the largest producer of Cranberries in the United States with 5.6 million barrels produced in 2017. To date, Precision Agriculture technologies adapted to cranberry production have been limited. The objective of this research was to assess the feasibility of the use of commercial remote sensing devices and Unmanned Aerial Systems in cranberry production. Two commercially available sensors were assessed for use in cranberry production: 1) MicaSense Red Edge and 2) Zenmuse XT. Initial... B. Luck, J. Drewry, E. Chassen, S. Steffan |
28. Observational Studies in Agriculture: Paradigm Shift RequiredThere is a knowledge gap in agriculture. For instance, there is no way to tell with precision what is the outcome of cutting N fertilizer by a quarter on important outcomes such as yield, net return, greenhouse gas emissions or groundwater pollution. Traditionally, the way to generate knowledge in agriculture has been to conduct research with the experimental method where experiments are conducted in a controlled environment with trials replicated in space and... L. Longchamps, B. Panneton, N. Tremblay |
29. Temperature Effect on Wild Blueberry Fruit Quality During Mechanical HarvestMechanical harvesters, utilizing a range of technologies, have been developed for timely operations and remain the most cost-effective means of picking the wild blueberry crop. Approximately 95% of wild blueberries in Atlantic Canada are immediately frozen and processed, while only a small percentage is sold in the fresh market. However, the producers can benefit by increasing the value of their harvested crop through fresh market sales. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum... T.J. Esau, A.A. Farooque, F. Abbas |
30. Machine Learning Techniques for Early Identification of Nitrogen Variability in MaizeCharacterizing and managing nutrient variability has been the focus of precision agriculture research for decades. Previous research has indicated that in-situ fluorescence sensor measurements can be used as a proxy for nitrogen (N) status in plants in greenhouse conditions employing static sensor measurements. Indeed, practitioners of precision N management require determination of in-season plant N status in real-time at field scale to enable the most efficient N fertilizer... D. Mandal, R.D. Siqueira, L. Longchamps, R. Khosla |
31. Integration of High Resolution Multitemporal Satellite Imagery for Improving Agricultural Crop Classification: a Case StudyTimely and accurate agriculture information is vital for ensuring global food security. Satellite imagery has already been proved as a reliable tool for remote crop mapping. Planet satellite imagery provides high cadence, global satellite coverage with higher temporal and spatial resolution than the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2. This study examined the potential of utilizing high-resolution multitemporal imagery along with and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to map the agricultural crops... U. Ali, T. Esau, A. Farooque, Q. Zaman |
32. Meta Deep Learning Using Minimal Training Images for Weed Classification in Wild BlueberryDeep learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have gained popularity in recent years for their ability to classify images with high levels of accuracy. In agriculture, they have been applied for disease identification, crop growth monitoring, animal behaviour tracking, and weed classification. Datasets traditionally consisting of thousands of images of each desired target are required to train CNNs. A recent survey of Nova Scotia wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) fields,... P.J. Hennessy, T.J. Esau, A.W. Schumann, A.A. Farooque, Q.U. Zaman, S.N. White |
33. Enhancing NY State On-farm Experimentation with Digital AgronomyAgriculture is putting pressure on the ecosystems and practices need to evolve towards a more sustainable way of producing food. Industrial agriculture has imposed a unique production model on the ecosystems while it is now understood that it is more sustainable to adapt the production model to the ecosystem. This involves adapting existing solutions to the local agricultural context and developing new solutions that are best suited to the local ecosystem. Farmers are doing this by conducting... L. Longchamps |
34. Next in Precision Agriculture: Detecting and Correcting Pixels with Machinery Track Line Within FarmsWith more satellites orbiting the earth, monitoring of fields using satellite data has become easier and ubiquitous. Frequent observations of a field can provide vital cues about field health and management practices. However, farm analytical statistics derived from such datasets often need modification to create practical applications. This paper focuses on the detection and removal of field machinery track line pixels to reduce their effect on satellite-based agronomic recommendation and product... G. Rathee, M. Sielenkemper |
35. In-season Nitrogen Prediction Evaluation Using Airborne Imagery with AI Techniques in Commercial Potato ProductionIn modern agriculture, timely and precise nitrogen (N) monitoring is essential to optimize resource management and improve trade benefits. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a staple food in many regions of the world, and improving its production is inevitable to ensure food security and promote related industries. Traditional methods of assessing nitrogen are labour-intensive, time-consuming, and require subjective observations. To address these limitations, a combination of multispectral... B. Javed, A. Cambouris, M. Duchemin, L. Longchamps, P.S. Basran, S. Arnold, A. Fenech, A. Karam |
36. A Data Retrieval System to Support Observational Research of On-Farm ExperimentationObservational research is a powerful methodology, capable of rapidly identifying trends and patterns present in complex systems. New work seeks to apply these techniques to agronomic production systems. While data generated from on-farm experimentation are often considered anecdotal, these data hold significant importance for farmers because they originate from their distinctive agricultural systems. Combining the large volumes of farmer-collected data with remote sensing, environmental, and biophysical... P. Lanza, A. Yore, L. Longchamps |
37. Soil Microbial Biomass and Bacterial Diversity Enhanced Through Winter Cover Cropping in Paddy FieldsRice production is typically based on input-intensive and often environmentally unsustainable monoculture system. Alternatives are increasing, such as fallow cover cropping and rice–fish coculture (RFC). However, options of fallow cover cropping in RFC are scarcely explored, and the soil microbial response strategies to cover cropping remain unclear. Here, we evaluated soil-plant-microbe interactions under three cover cropping systems: Chinese milk vetch single cropping (CM), rapeseed single... S. Cai, S. Xu, D. Zhang, H. Zhu, L. Longchamps |
38. Optimal Placement of Soil Moisture Sensors in an Irrigated Corn FieldPrecision agricultural practices rely on characterization of spatially and temporally variable soil and crop properties to precisely synchronize inputs (water, fertilizer, etc.) to crop needs; thereby enhancing input use efficiency and farm profitability. Generally, the spatial dependency range for soil water content is shorter near the soil surface compared to deeper depths, suggesting a need for more sampling locations to accurately characterize near-surface soil water content. However, determining... D. Mandal, L. Longchamps, R. Khosla |
39. Using Dynamic Crop Growth Data to Assess Early Season N Status in MaizeNitrogen (N) is perhaps the most important mineral nutrient determining crop growth and yield. Fertilizer sources can vary, but it is used in practically all cropping systems, and accounts for one of the highest input costs. Farmers often overapply N to their fields as a simple "insurance policy" to guarantee maximum yields. This can be problematic due to the volatile nature of N in the environment, as well reducing potential profits by not optimizing the rates. There... A. Yore, P. Lanza, L. Longchamps |
40. Spectral Response of Six Treatments of Soil Fertilization in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Var. Diacol Capiro with UASIn Colombia, potato cultivation occupies the third place among the transient crops in the country, covering approximately 160,000 hectares. It holds the first place in terms of production value, reaching US $500 million, and ranks as the second crop with the highest demand for fertilizers, constituting 20% of production costs. The departments of Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Nariño, and Antioquia are the primary potato producers, accounting for 87.8% of the total production. Traditional... S.A. Rubaino sosa, O.Y. Cristancho rojas, W.A. Leon rueda, O.G. Montero pinilla, J.C. Roa bello, I.A. Lizarazo salcedo |
41. Application of Advanced Soft Computing to Estimate Potato Tuber Yield: a Case Study from Atlantic CanadaThe potato crop plays a crucial role in the economy of Atlantic Canada, particularly in Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, where it contributes significantly to potato production. To help farmers make informed decisions for sustainable and profitable farming, this study was conducted to examine the variations in potato tuber yield based on thirty soil properties collected over four growing seasons through experimental trials. The study employed an advanced and explainable ensemble model called... Q.U. Zaman, A. Farooque, M. Jamei, T.J. Esau |
42. Ground-based Imagery Data Collection of Cotton Using a Robotic PlatformIn modern agriculture, technological advancements are pivotal in optimizing crop production and resource management. Integrating robotics and image processing techniques allows the efficient collection, analysis, and storage of high-resolution images crucial for monitoring crop health, identifying pest infestations, assessing growth stages, making precise management decisions and predicting yield potential. The objective of this project is to utilize the Farm-NG Amiga robot to develop an image... O. Fernandez, M. Bhandari, J.L. Landivar-scoot, M. Eldefrawy, L. Zhao, J. Landivar |
43. On-Farm Experimentation Community MeetingMeeting Agenda: Updates for the OFE-C Newsletters Increased membership Conference Global OFE Network (GOFEN) Scientists AND Farmers Global Directory Discussion points OFE-C Outreach Country reps for the OFE-C / Entry point Newsletter... L. Longchamps |