1. Comparative Assessment of Proximal Sensing and UAV Multispectral Data for Coffee Vigor Analysis

The assessment of vegetative vigor through spectral indices, particularly the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), is widely adopted in precision agriculture as a rapid, indirect, and non-destructive method for evaluating plant physiological status. A broad range of sensing technologies has been employed for this purpose, including proximal sensors and multispectral imaging systems mounted on remotely piloted aircraft (RPAs). In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate... E. Zavala, G. , M.D. Oliveira, H. Khalid, P.