1. A Multimodal Spectral-Robustness-LLM Pipeline for Non-Destructive Identification of Loropetalum chinense Cultivars

Proprietary cultivars of ornamental shrub Loropetalum chinense, particularly the visually and spectrally similar ‘Cerise Charm’, ‘Purple Daybreak’, and ‘Red Diamond’, derive their market value from the intensity and stability of anthocyanin pigmentation, a trait that degrades subtly under abiotic stress. Reliance on manual (visual) grading makes the industry vulnerable to these latent, pre-manifestation pigment losses, which are often detected only... P. Sundaravadivel, S. Borah, H. Manjunatha, S.P. Kumpatla, L. Tamil, P. Knight, T. Stroud