1. Validation of UAV-Based NDVI Using Proximal Sensing in Mountain Coffee Plantations

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with multispectral sensors have expanded remote sensing applications in precision agriculture, however validation against ground-truth measurements remains critical, especially for perennial crops in complex terrain such as coffee plantations in mountainous regions. Proximal sensing can be employed as a reference for evaluating the quality of data obtained by remote platforms. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index... B. Costalonga Vargas, I.A. Barbosa, D. Queiroz, A.L. Coelho, D.M. Valente, M.C. Moreira