1. Evaluating APSIM for Precision Optimization of Planting Windows and Nitrogen Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping Systems in Malawi

Maize-soybean intercropping is a key strategy for improving food security and resource-use efficiency in smallholder systems in sub-Saharan Africa. In Malawi, soybean promotion supports sustainable intensification, yet optimizing planting windows, spatial arrangements, and nitrogen (N) management under variable rainfall remains challenging. This study assesed the capability of  the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) to simulate maize-soybean performance and identify precision...