1. An Integrated Water–Energy Vulnerability Index for Irrigated Agricultural Regions

The growing interdependence between water availability and energy infrastructure has significantly increased the vulnerability of irrigated agricultural regions, particularly under conditions of climate variability, hydrological uncertainty, and seasonal demand peaks. Irrigated production systems simultaneously depend on reliable water supply and stable energy provision, making them particularly sensitive to disruptions in either domain. Although the water–energy nexus literature has advanced... T.A. Rodolfo, P.S. Schneider, M.A. Perez, F.D. Mantovan, H.R. Bressan, A.C. Reginatto