1. Design and Performance Analysis of a Flexible Lig Thin-film Heater

Gas sensors play vital roles in environmental, agricultural, and industrial monitoring, yet metal-oxide sensors require high operating temperatures. Conventional ceramic or metallic heaters consume high power and lack flexibility, limiting portable applications. Here, flexible thin-film heaters were fabricated using laser-induced graphene (LIG) on polyimide substrates. Two patterns with varied laser powers and scanning speeds were tested, and electrical and thermal performances evaluated. Higher... X. Ji