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1. Evaluation of the Effects of Telone Ii on Nitrogen Management and Yield in Louisiana Delta CottonResearch indicates that cotton yield on light soils within the alluvial flood plain of the Lower Mississippi delta may be increased by using chemical fumigation applications of Telone II and/or seed treatments to control infestations of plant parasitic nematodes. There is a documented interaction with fumigation and nitrogen and therefore a need to further understand the performance of site- specific treatment strategies for nitrogen (N) and fumigation treatments. In a small plot test conduct... E. Burris, D. Burns, K.S. Mccarter, C. Overstreet, M. Wolcott |
2. Terrain Modeling to Improve Soil Survey in North DakotaUsers of site-specific technologies would prefer to use digitized soil survey boundaries to help in delineating management zones for nutrient application. However, the present scale of soil type does not allow meaningful zone delineation. A project was conducted to use terrain modeling and other site- specific tools to delineate smaller-scale soil type boundaries that would be more useful for directing within-field nutrient management. Topography, soil EC, yield mapping and satellite imagery ... D.W. Franzen, J.L. Boettinger |
3. Regional Usefulness of Nitrogen Management Zone Delineation ToolsIn the Northern Plains of Montana, North Dakota and Minnesota, a number of site-specific tools have been used to delineate nitrogen management zones. A three-year study was conducted using yield mapping, elevation measurements, satellite imagery, aerial Ektochrome® photography, and soil EC to delineate nitrogen management zones and compare these zones to residual fall soil nitrate. At most of the sites, variable-rate N was applied and compared with uniform N application. The site-specific... D. Franzen, F. Casey, J. Staricka, D. Long, J. Lamb, A. Sims, M. Halvorson, V. Hofman |
4. Summary of Forty Years of Grid Sampling ResearchBetween the years of 1961 and 2001, two 12.5-ha fields in Illinois were sampled for soil pH, and available P and K in a 24.3-m grid. One field was sampled beginning in 1961 while the other field was sampled from 1982. At each sampling, the samples were obtained in the same grid. This resulted in the ability not only to compare grid sample density to delineate fertility patterns within the fields, but also to determine the rate of soil test change with P and K applications, the change in ferti... D.W. Franzen |
5. Development of Real-time Color Analysis for the On- Line Automated Weeding OperationsWeeds compete with the crop for water, light, nutrients and space, and therefore reduce crop yields and also affect the efficient use of machinery. Chemical sprayer is the most popular method to eradicate weeds but has cause hazardous to the environment, crops and workers. A smart sprayer is required to control the usage of chemical weedicides at the optimal level. Thus an on-line automated sprayer is introduced to the Malaysian farmers to locate in the real time environment the existence and... W. Wan ismail, K. Abdul rahman |
6. Precision Placement of Corn Gluten Meal for Weed Control in Organic Vegetable ProductionOrganic vegetable producers rank weeds as one of their most troublesome, time consuming, and costly production problems. As a result of the limited number of organically approved weed control herbicides, the precision placement of these materials increases their potential usefulness in organic production systems. As a non-selective preemergence or preplant-incorporated herbicide, corn gluten meal (CGM) inhibits root development; decreases shoot length, and reduces plant survival. The developm... C.L. Webber iii, M.J. Taylor, J.W. Shrefler |
7. Plant and N Impacts on Corn (Zea Mays) Growth: Whats Controlling Yield?Studies were conducted in South Dakota to assess mechanisms of intraspecific competition between corn (Zea mays) plants. Treatments were two plant populations (74,500 and 149,000 plants ha-1), three levels of shade (0, 40, and 60%) on the low plant population, two water treatments (natural precipitation and natural + irrigation), and two N rates (0 and 228 kg N ha-1). In-season leaf chlorophyll content was measured. At harvest, grain and stover yields were quantified with grain 13C-d... D.E. Clay, S.A. Clay, G. Reicks, D. Horvath |
8. Principal Component Analysis of Rice Production Environment in the Rice Terrace RegionEnvironmental conditions that affect rice production, such as air temper- ature, relative humidity, solar radiation, effective cation exchangeable capacity (ECEC) of the soil, and total nitrogen in irrigation water, were assessed for 4 paddy fields in Hoshino village, Fukuoka prefecture in Japan. Also, environ- mental factors that affected rice quality (physicochemical properties of rice grains and cooked rice) were identified using data during the beginning of a ripening period (20 days afte... Y. Hirai, Y. Beppu, Y. Mori, K. Tomita, K. Hamagami, K. Mori, S. Uchida, S. Inaba |
9. Mapping Surface Soil Properties Using Terrain and Remotely Sensed Data in Arsanjan Plain, Southern IranSustainable land management and land use planning require reliable information about the spatial distribution of the physical and chemical soil properties affecting both landscape processes and services. Spatial prediction with the presence of spatially dense ancillary variables has attracted research in pedometrics. The main objective of this research is to enhance prediction of soil properties such electrical conductivity (ECe), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), available phosphorus (P)... M. Baghernejad, M. Emadi |
10. 3d Object Recognition, Localization and Treatment of Rumex Obtusifolius in Its Natural EnvironmentRumex obtusifolius is one of the most highly competitive and persistent sorts of weed in agriculture. An automatic recognition and plant-treatment system is currently under development as an alternative treatment technique. An infrared-laser triangulation sensor and a high-resolution smart camera are used to generate 3D images of the weeds and their natural environment. In a segmentation process, contiguous surface patches are separated from one other. These 3D surface patc... M. Holpp, T. Anken, D. Seatovic, R. Grueninger, R. Hueppi |
11. Zone Mapping Application for Precision-farming: a Decision Support Tool for Variable Rate ApplicationWe have developed a web-based decision support tool, Zone Mapping Application for Precision Farming (ZoneMAP, http://zonemap.umac.org), which can automatically determine the optimal number of management zones and delineate them using satellite imagery and field survey data provided by users. Application rates, say for fertilizer, can be prescribed for each zone and downloaded in a variety of formats to ensure compatibility with GPS-enabled farming applicators. ZoneMAP is linked to Digital Nor... X. Zhang, C. Helgason, G. Seielstad, L. Shi |
12. Application of Geographic Information Systems in Socioeconomic Analysis: A Case of Integrated Soil Fertility Management in the Savannas of NigeriaPopulation pressure increases, shortened fallow cycles, cropping intensification, inaccessibility and low output prices as well as concerns about agricultural sustainability and self-sufficiency have combined to contribute to increased demand for integrated soil fertility management of the agricultural resource base. Following this situation, organic fertilizer in the form of animal manure becomes one of the principal sources of nutrients for soil fertility maintenance and crop production. He... O. Olayide, A. Alene, A. Ikpi, G. Nziguheba, T. Alabi |
13. Soil Moisture, Organic Matter and Potassium Influences on Eca MeasurementSpatial variability of soil physical and chemical properties is a fundamental element of site-specific soil and crop management. Since its early implementation in agriculture as a method of measuring soil salinity, the acceptance of Apparent Electrical Conductivity (ECa) in agriculture has been popular as a method of determining the spatial variability of soil physical and chemical properties that influence the ECa estimates. It was the objective of this study to examine the spatial-temporal ... R.R. Struthers, C.J. Johannsen, D.K. Morris |
14. Evaluation of Utilization Potential for Methods of Georeference in the Management of Weed Contamination of Potato CulturesCombating crop contamination with harmful invasive species is one of the main themes of agricultural research. For the potato cultures, the weed contamination decreases not only the quality but also the quantity of the harvest. The most invasive contamination for this culture is represented by the Agropyron repens and Sorgum halepense, two invasive and very nocive species characterized by underground stems able to penetrate the potato¢s tubercle and decrease their stora... L. Musetescu, M. Gidea |
15. Map Whiteboard As Collaboration Tool for Smart Farming Advisory ServicesPrecision agriculture, a branch of smart farming, holds great promise for modernization of European agriculture both in terms of environmental sustainability and economic outlook. The vast data archives made available through Copernicus and related infrastructures, combined with a low entry threshold into the domain of AI-technologies has made it possible, if not outright easy, to make meaningful predictions that divides individual agricultural fields into zones where variable rat... K. Charvat, R. Berzins, R. Bergheim, F. Zadrazil, J. Macura, D. Langovskis, H. Snevajs, H. Kubickova, S. Horakova, K. Charvat jr. |
16. Comparison of Different Aspatial and Spatial Indicators to Assess Performance of Spatialized Crop Models at Different Within-field ScalesMost current crop models are point-based models, i.e. they simulate agronomic variables on a spatial footprint on which they were initially designed (e.g. plant, field, region scale). To assess their performances, many indicators based on the comparison of estimated vs observed data, can be used such as root mean square error (RMSE) or Willmott index of agreement (D-index) among others. However, shifting model use from a strategic objective to tactical in-season management is becoming a signi... D. Pasquel, S. Roux, B. Tisseyre, J.A. Taylor |
17. Investigating Spatial Relationship of Apparent Electrical Conductivity with Turfgrass and Soil Characteristics in Sand-capped Golf Course FairwaysTurfgrass quality decreases when grown on fine textured soils that are irrigated with poor quality water. As a result, sand-capping (i.e., a sand layer above existing native soil) is now considered during golf course fairway renovation and construction. Mapping spatial variability of soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) has recently been suggested to have applications for precision turfgrass management (PTM) in native soil fairways, but sand-capped fairways have received les... C. Straw, B. Wyatt, A.P. Smith, K. Watkins, S. Hong, W. Floyd, D. Williams, C. Garza, T. Jansky |
18. Scaling Up Window-based Regression for Crop-row DetectionCrop-row detection is a central element of weed detection and agricultural image processing tasks. With the increased availability of high-resolution imagery, a precise locating of crop rows is becoming practical in the sense that the necessary data are commonly available. However, conventional image processing techniques often fail to scale up to the data volumes and processing time expectations. We present an approach that computes regression lines ... A.M. Denton, G.E. Hokanson, P. Flores |
19. Comparison and Validation of Different Soil Survey Techniques to Support a Precision Agricultural SystemThe data need of precision agriculture has resulted in an intensive increase in the number of modern soil survey equipment and methods available for farmers and consultants. In many cases these survey methods cannot provide accurate information under the used environmental conditions. On a 36 hectare experimental field, several methods have been compared to identify the ones which can support the PA system the best. The methods included contact and non contact soil scanning, yield mapping, hi... V. Lang, G. Tóth, S. Csenki, D. Dafnaki |
20. Optimization of Batch Processing of High-density Anisotropic Distributed Proximal Soil Sensing Data for Precision Agriculture PurposesThe amount of spatial data collected in agricultural fields has been increasing over the last decade. Advances in computer processing capacity have resulted in data analytics and artificial intelligence becoming hot topics in agriculture. Nevertheless, the proper processing of spatial data is often neglected, and the evaluation of methods that efficiently process agricultural spatial data remains limited. Yield monitor data is a good example of a well-established methodology for data processi... F. Hoffmann silva karp, V. Adamchuk, A. Melnitchouck, P. Dutilleul |
21. Using On-the-Go Soil Sensors to Assess Spatial Variability within the KS Wheat Breeding ProgramIn plant breeding the impacts of genotype by environment interactions and the challenges to quantify these interactions has long been recognized. Both macro and microenvironment variations in precipitation, temperature and soil nutrient availability have been shown to impact breeder selections. Traditionally, breeders mitigate these interactions by evaluating genotype performance across varying environments over multiple years. However, limitations in labor, equipment and seed availably can l... B. Evers, M. Rekhi, G. Hettiarachchi, S. Welch, A. Fritz, P.D. Alderman, J. Poland |
22. Changes in Soil Quality when Building Ridges for Fruit PlantationMany fruit plantations are usually performed in ridges for various reasons including, escaping from a clay horizon, improving overall soil quality and drainage, among others. Normally ridges are built using the surface horizons, producing a mixture of soils layers, and therefore changing the quality of the soil at the rooting zone. We were interested in studying the changes in soil properties when building ridges in a flat alluvial soil that was planted with avocado. A det... H.P. Poblete, R.A. Ortega |
23. Yield Estimation for Avocado Using Systematic Sampling TechniquesAvocado is a high value crop ranking fourth among the planted fruit species in Chile with more than 32,000 ha. Yield estimation is an important challenge in avocado due to its phenology, the size of the tree, and to the large variability usually observed within the orchards. Due to the practical difficulties to sample the trees we use the following approach: 1) establish a systematic, non-aligned grid with > 20 sampling points (trees)/field, 2) previous to harvest, and ... H.P. Poblete, R.A. Ortega |
24. Cloud Correction of Sentinel-2 NDVI Using S2cloudless PackageOptical satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is by far the most commonly used vegetation index value for crop monitoring. However, it is quite sensitive to the cloud, and cloud shadows and significantly decreases its usability, especially in agricultural applications. Therefore, an accurate and reliable cloud correction method is mandatory for its effective application. To address this issue, we have developed an approach to correct the NDVI values of each and every... A. Saxena, M. Dash, A.P. Verma |
25. Next in Precision Agriculture: Detecting and Correcting Pixels with Machinery Track Line Within FarmsWith more satellites orbiting the earth, monitoring of fields using satellite data has become easier and ubiquitous. Frequent observations of a field can provide vital cues about field health and management practices. However, farm analytical statistics derived from such datasets often need modification to create practical applications. This paper focuses on the detection and removal of field machinery track line pixels to reduce their effect on satellite-based agronomic recommendation and pr... G. Rathee, M. Sielenkemper |
26. Automated Geometrical Field Boundary Delineation Algorithm for Adjacent Job SitesEstablishing farmland geometric boundaries is a critical component of any assistive technology, designed towards the automation of mechanized farming systems. Observing farmland boundaries enables farmers and farm machinery contractors to determine; seed purchase orders, fertiliser application rate, and crop yields. Farmers must supply acreage measurements to regulatory bodies, who will use the geometric data to develop environmental policies and allocate farm subsidies appropriately. Agricu... S.J. Harkin |