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1. Development Of Batch Type Yield Monitor For Small FieldsAbstract The yield monitor is intended to give the user an accurate assessment of yield variations y within a field. A yield monitor can assist grain producers in many aspects of crop management. A yield monitor by itself can provide useful information and enhance on-farm research. Yield data can... M. Singh, A. Sharma, G. Singh, P. Fixen |
2. Precision Agriculture Initiative for Karnataka – A New Direction for Strengthening Farming CommunityStrengthening agriculture is crucial to meet the myriad challenges of rural poverty, food security, unemployment, and sustainability of natural resources and it also needs strengthening at technical, financial and management levels. In this context... U.K. Shanwad, M.B. Patil, V. H, M. B.g , P. R, R. N.l. , S. S, R. Khosla, V.C. Patil |
3. Architecture and Model of Data Integration between Management Systems and Agricultural Machines for Precision AgricultureThe development of robotic systems has challenges as the high degree of interdisciplinarity, the difficulty of integration between the various robotic control... R. Dutra, R. Sousa, A. Porto, R. Inamasu, W. Lopes, M. Tronco |
4. Applications Of Small UAV Systems For Tree And Nursery Inventory ManagementUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) systems could provide low-cost and high spatial resolution aerial images. These features and ease of operation make it a practical tool for applications in precision agriculture and horticulture. This paper highlights the application of UAV systems in tree counting, which is vital for tree inventory management and yield estimation. In this paper, two types of trees were discussed. One type is with non-uniform canopy area (e.g. container plants and citrus... Y. She, R. Ehsani, J. Robbins, J. Owen, J.N. Leiva |
5. Evaluation Of In-Field Sensors To Monitor Nitrogen Status In SoybeanIn recent years, active optical crop sensors have been gaining importance to determine in-season nitrogen (N) fertilization requirements for on-the-go variable rate application. Although most of these active in-field crop sensors have been evaluated in corn and wheat crops, they have not yet been evaluated in soybean production systems in North Dakota. Recent research from both South Dakota and North Dakota indicate that in-season N application in soybean can increase soybean yield... J. Nowatzki, S. Bajwa, S. Sivarajan, M. Maharlooei, H. Kandel |
6. Agribot: Development Of A Mobile Robotic Platform To Support Agricultural Data CollectionPrecision Agriculture and agricultural practices that take into account environment protection, leads to several research challenges. Sampling scale and the precision required by these new agricultural practices are often greater than those required by traditional agriculture, raising the costs of production. This whole process requests an expressive number of researches in developing automation instruments. Amongst them, the use of remote sensing techniques based on On-the-Go sensors... R. Tabile, A. Porto, R. Inamasu, R. Sousa |
7. Control System Applied To No-Till Seeding For High-Quality OperationA high quality crop seeding operation should enable a rapid and uniform establishment of a desired plant population. Therefore, a no-till seeder must provide a seeding environment that allows the absorption of water by seeds and appropriate temperature and aeration conditions for germination and emergence processes. To stimulate these processes, the seed needs full contact with soil in order to accelerate the absorption of water and oxygen. Covering the furrow with straw is another important... A.G. Araujo, A.D. Toledo, A.R. Hirakawa, A.L. Johann |
8. Using Imagery As A Proxy Yield Map And Scouting ToolCombine yield maps represent a post-mortem quantification of the spatial variability in crop vigor that occurred during the growing season. The spatial resolution of yield maps is defined by the width of the combine header but the length of the cell depends on the ground-speed of the implement and how long it takes for the grain to... J.S. Schepers, A.R. Schepers |
9. Does Nitrogen Balance Surplus Done At Field Level Help To Assess Environmental Effects Of Variable Nitrogen Application In Winter Wheat?Increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is important as a specific consideration to decrease negative impacts of nitrogen (N) on the environment and provide better crop quality. Therefore, in many European countries N is used with restrictions due to UE regulations, set to increase NUE. This is particularly important in wheat production because this crop in EU accounts for 48% of cereal production and uses about 25% of total N-fertilizer applied. One of the methods applied to increase NUE... S.M. Samborski |
10. Weather Impacts on UAV Flight Availability for Agricultural Purposes in OklahomaThis research project analyzed 21 years of historical weather data from the Oklahoma Mesonet system. The data examined the practicality of flying unmanned aircraft for various agricultural purposes in Oklahoma. Fixed-wing and rotary wing (quad copter, octocopter) flight parameters were determined and their performance envelope was verified as a function of weather conditions. The project explored Oklahoma’s Mesonet data in order to find days that are acceptable for flying... P. Weckler, C. Morris, B. Arnall, P. Alderman, J. Kidd, A. Sutherland |
11. Field Phenotyping Infrastructure in a Future World - Quantifying Information on Plant Structure and Function for Precision Agriculture and Climate ChangePhenotyping in the field is an essential step in the phenotyping chain. Phenotyping begins in the well-defined, controlled conditions in laboratories and greenhouses and extends to heterogeneous, fluctuating environments in the field. Field measurements represent a significant reference point for the relevance of the laboratory and greenhouse approaches and an important source of information on potential mechanisms and constraints for plant performance tested at controlled conditions. In this... O. Muller, M.P. Cendrero mateo, H. Albrecht, F. Pinto, M. Mueller-linow, R. Pieruschka, U. Schurr, U. Rascher, A. Schickling, B. Keller |
12. Greenhouse Study to Identify Glyphosate-resistant Weeds Based on Canopy TemperatureDevelopment of herbicide-resistant crops has resulted in significant positive changes to agronomic practices, while repeated and intensive use of herbicides with the same mechanisms of action has caused the development of herbicide-resistant weeds. As of 2015, 35 weed species are reported to be resistant to glyphosate worldwide. A greenhouse study was conducted to identify characteristics which can be helpful in field mapping of glyphosate resistant weeds by using UAV imagery. The experiment included... A. Shirzadi, M. Maharlooei, O. Hassanijalilian, S. Bajwa, K. Howatt, S. Sivarajan, J. Nowatzki |
13. Integrated Approach to Site-specific Soil Fertility ManagementIn precision agriculture the lack of affordable methods for mapping relevant soil attributes is a fundamental problem. It restricts the development and application of advanced models and algorithms for decision making. The project “I4S - Integrated System for Site-Specific Soil Fertility Management” combines new sensing technologies with dynamic soil-crop models and decision support systems. Using sensors with different measurement principles improves the estimation of soil fertility... R. Gebbers, V. Dworak, B. Mahns, C. Weltzien, D. Büchele, I. Gornushkin, M. Mailwald, M. Ostermann, M. Rühlmann, T. Schmid, M. Maiwald, B. Sumpf, J. Rühlmann, M. Bourouah, H. Scheithauer, K. Heil, T. Heggemann, M. Leenen, S. Pätzold, G. Welp, T. Chudy, A. Mizgirev, P. Wagner, T. Beitz, M. Kumke, D. Riebe, C. Kersebaum, E. Wallor |
14. Large-scale UAS Data Collection, Processing and Management for Field Crop ManagementNorth Dakota State University research and Extension personnel are collaborating with Elbit Systems of America to compare the usefulness and economics of imagery collected from a large unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), small UAS and satellite imagery. Project personnel are using a large UAS powered with an internal combustion engine to collect high-resolution imagery over 100,000 acres twice each month during the crop growing season. Four-band multispectral Imagery is also being collected twice... J. Nowatzki, S. Bajwa, D. Roberts, M. Ossowski, A. Scheve, A. Johnson, Y. Chaplin |
15. Toward Geopolitical-Context-Enabled Interoperability in Precision Agriculture: AgGateway's SPADE, PAIL, WAVE, CART and ADAPTAgGateway is a nonprofit consortium of 240+ businesses working to promote, enable and expand eAgriculture. It provides a non-competitive collaborative environment, transparent funding and governance models, and anti-trust and intellectual property policies that guide and protect members’ contributions and implementations. AgGateway primarily focuses on implementing existing standards and collaborating with other organizations to extend them when necessary. In 2010 AgGateway identified... R. Ferreyra, D.B. Applegate, A.W. Berger, D.T. Berne, B.E. Craker, D.G. Daggett, A. Gowler, R.J. Bullock, S.C. Haringx, C. Hillyer, T. Howatt, B.K. Nef, S.T. Rhea, J.M. Russo, S.T. Nieman, P. Sanders, J.A. Wilson, J.W. Wilson, J.W. Tevis, M.W. Stelford, T.W. Shearouse, E.D. Schultz, L. Reddy |
16. Automated Support Tool for Variable Rate Irrigation PrescriptionsVariable rate irrigation (VRI) enables center pivot management to better meet non-uniform water and fertility needs. This is accomplished through correctly matching system water application with spatial and temporal variability within the field. A computer program was modified to accommodate GIS data layers of grid-based field soil texture properties and fertility needs in making management decisions. The program can automatically develop a variable rate application prescription along the lateral... A.T. Nguyen, A.L. Thompson, K.A. Sudduth, E.D. Vories, A.T. Nguyen |
17. Vis/NIR Spectroscopy to Estimate Crude Protein (CP) in Alfalfa Crop: Feasibility StudyThe fast and reliable quality determination of alfalfa crop is of interest for producers to make management decisions, the dealers to determine the price, and the dairy producers for livestock management. In this study, the crude protein (CP), one of the main quality indices of alfalfa, was estimated using the visible and near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy. A total of 68 samples from various variety trials of alfalfa crop were collected under the irrigated and rainfed conditions. The diffuse... M. Maharlooei, S. Bajwa, S.A. Mireei, A. Shirzadi, S. Sivarajan, M. Berti, J. Nowatzki |
18. Effect of Soil Solarization, a Nonchemical Method, on the Control of Egyptian Boomrape (Orobanche Aegyptiaca) and Yield Improvement in Greenhouse Grown CucumberCucumber cultivation in the Mediterranean region is susceptible to infestation by the parasitic weed egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca), and severe yield losses can result. The effectiveness of solarization, a soil disinfection technique that uses passive solar heating, to control the incidence of broomrape under greenhouse conditions was studied over two growing seasons. Solarization was accomplished by the application of clear polyethylene sheets to moist soil for 50 to 65 d... Z.Y. Ashrafi, H.M. Alizadeh, S. Sadeghi |
19. Variability in Observed and Sensor Based Estimated Optimum N Rates in CornRecent research showed that active sensors such as Crop Circle can be used to estimate in-season N requirements for corn. The objective of this research was to identify sources of variability in the observed and Crop Circle-estimated optimum N rates. Field experiments were conducted at two locations for a total of five sites during the 2007 growing season using a randomized complete block design with increasing N rates applied at V6-V8 (NV6) as the treatment factor. Field sites were selected from... R.P. Sripada, J.P. Schmidt |
20. Introducing Precision Ag Tools to Over-100 Year Old Historical ExperimentThe historic Knorr-Holden experimental site near Scottsbluff, Nebraska, US, established in 1912 is the oldest irrigated maize plot in North America. Over years, the treatment has been revised a few times to reflect and address contemporary practices. The N fertilization is found to be capable of restoring most of production capacity of the soil. After a full century of the experiment, in 2014, N treatments were revised again. Now, the experiment is a split-plot randomized complete block design... B. Maharjan |
21. Variety Effects on Cotton Yield Monitor CalibrationWhile modern grain yield monitors are able to harvest variety and hybrid trials without imposing bias, cotton yield monitors are affected by varietal properties. With planters capable of site-specific planting of multiple varieties, it is essential to better understand cotton yield monitor calibration. Large-plot field experiments were conducted with two southeast Missouri cotton producers to compare yield monitor-estimated weights and observed weights in replicated variety trials. Two replications... E. Vories, A. Jones, G. Stevens, C. Meeks |
22. Field Phenotyping and an Example of Proximal Sensing of PhotosynthesisField phenotyping conceptually can be divided in five pillars 1) traits of interest 2) sensors to measure these traits 3) positioning systems to allow high throughput measurements by the sensors 4) experimental sites and 5) environmental monitoring. In this paper we will focus on photosynthesis as trait of interest, measured by remote active fluorescence. The sensor presented is the Light Induced Fluorescence Transient (LIFT) instrument. The LIFT instrument is integrated in three positioning systems.... O. Muller, B. Keller, L. Zimmermanm, C. Jedmowski, V. Pingle, K. Acebron, N. Zendonadi, A. Steier, R. Pieruschka, U. Schurr, U. Rascher, T. Kraska |
23. Economic Potential of RoboWeedMaps - Use of Deep Learning for Production of Weed Maps and Herbicide Application MapsIn Denmark, a new IPM ‘product chain’ has been constructed, which starts with systematic photographing of fields and ends up with field- or site-specific herbicide application. A special high-speed camera, mounted on an ATV took sufficiently good pictures of small weed plants, while driving up to 50 km/h. Pictures were uploaded to the RoboWeedMaps online platform, where appointed internal- and external persons with agro-botanical experience executed ‘virtual field inspection’... P. Rydahl, O. Boejer, N. Jensen, B. Hartmann, R. Jorgensen, M. Soerensen, P. Andersen, L. Paz, M.B. Nielsen |
24. Can Topographic Indices Be Used for Irrigation Management Zone DelineationSoil water movement is affected by soil physical properties and field terrain changes. The identification of within-field areas prone to excess or deficit of soil moisture could support the implementation of variable rate irrigation and adoption of irrigation scheduling strategies. This study evaluated the use of the topographic wetness index (TWI) and topographic position index (TPI) to understand and explain within-field soil moisture variability. Volumetric water content (VWC) collected in... B.V. Ortiz, B.P. Lena, F. morlin , G. Morata, M. Duarte de val, R. Prasad, A. Gamble |
25. Use of Remotely Measured Potato Canopy Characteristics As Indirect Yield EstimatorsPrediction of potato yield before harvest is important for making agronomic and marketing decisions. Active optical sensors (AOS) are rarely used together with other hand-held instruments for monitoring potato growth, including yield prediction. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between manually and remotely measured potato crop characteristics throughout the growing season and yield in commercial potato fields. Objective was also to identify crop characteristics that most... S.M. Samborski, J. Szatylowicz, T. Gnatowski, R. Leszczyńska, M. Thornton, O. Walsh |
26. Agricultural Robots Classification Based on Clustering by Features and FunctionRobotic systems in agriculture (hereafter referred to as agrobots) have become popular in the last few years. They represent an opportunity to make food production more efficient, especially when coupled with technologies such as the Internet of Things and Big Data. Agrobots bring many advantages in farm operations: they can reduce humane fatigue and work-related accidents. In contrast, their large-scale diffusion is today limited by a lack of clarity and exhaustiveness in the regulatory framework... M. Canavari, M. Medici, G. Rossetti |
27. Agriculture Machine Guidance Systems: Performance Analysis of Professional GNSS ReceiversGNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) plays nowadays a major role in different civilian activities and is a key technology enabling innovation in different market sectors. For instance, GNSS-enabled solutions are widespread within the Precision Agriculture and, among them, applications in the field of machinery guidance are commonly employed to optimize typical agriculture practices. The scope of this paper is to present the outcomes of the agriculture testing campaign performed,... J. Capolicchio, D. Mennuti, I. Milani, M. Fortunato, R. Petix, J. Reyes gonzalez, M. Sunkevic |
28. Spatial Analysis of Soil Moisture and Turfgrass Health to Determine Zones for Spatially Variable Irrigation ManagementThe Western United States is currently experiencing a “Mega Drought”. This makes efficient water use more important than ever. Turfgrass is a major vegetation type in urban areas and performs many ecosystem services such as cooling through evapotranspiration, fixing carbon from the atmosphere and reducing wild-fire risk. There are now more acres of irrigated turfgrass (>40 million) in the USA than irrigated corn, wheat and fruit trees combined (Milesi et al., 2005). It has been... R. Kerry, S. Shumate, B. Ingram, K. Hammond, D. Gunther, R. Jensen, S. Schill, N. Hansen, B. Hopkins |
29. Assessment of Active Crop Canopy Sensor As a Tool for Optimal Nitrogen Management in Dryland Winter WheatOptimum nitrogen (N) fertilizer application is important for agronomic, economic, and environmental reasons. Among different N management tools, active crop canopy sensors are a recent and promising tool widely evaluated for use in corn but still under-evaluated for use in winter wheat. The objective of this study was to determine whether vegetation indices derived from in-season active crop canopy sensor data can be used to predict winter wheat grain yield and protein content and subsequently... D. Ghimire |
30. Prediction of Field-scale Evapotranspiration Using Process Based Modeling and Geostatistical Time-series InterpolationIrrigation scheduling depends on the combination of evaporative demand from the atmosphere, spatial and temporal heterogeneity in soil properties and changes in crop canopy during a growing season. This on-farm trial is based on data collected in 72-acre processing tomato field in Central Valley of California. The Multiband Spectrometric Arable Mark 2 sensors at three different locations in the field. Multispectral and thermal imagery provided by Ceres Imaging were collected eight times during... G. Jha, F. Nazrul, M. Nocco, M. Pagé fortin, B. Whitaker, D. Diaz, A. Gal, R. Schmidt |
31. Development and Evaluation of a Novel Variable-orifice Nozzle Flow and Droplet Size Control SystemSpray drift from crop production operations has been a critical concern across the U.S. as evidenced by the EPA’s efforts to mitigate pesticide drift. Recently, a novel spray control system was developed and evaluated which provided real-time control of both spray droplet size and flow rate. This was achieved via electromechanical control of a variable orifice nozzle along with a novel control system which incorporates real-time weather data to vary system pressure and orifice size and shape.... T. Monroe, J.D. Luck, S. Marx |