1. Autonomous Robotic Spraying System for Weed Management in Woody Perennial Crops

Weed management in woody crops remains a major agronomic, economic, and environmental challenge. In orchard environments, tree trunks, low canopies, and narrow intra-row spacing severely restrict conventional machinery access to the under-canopy zone. As a result, weed control near tree trunks remains predominantly manual. This limitation coincides with an increasing scarcity of agricultural labor, leading to higher production costs and delays in weed... M. Pérez-ruiz, L. Sánchez-fernández, A. Nizzoli, E. Apolo-apolo, J. Martínez-guanter